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The water and sewerage system in Addis Ababa does not serve all areas of the city or segments of society, and is generally maintained on an ad hoc basis. The estimated water leakage rate of 36.5% is high, especially considering that water scarcity is already a challenge for the city and is expected to worsen due to climate change and increased demand. The construction, operation, and maintenance of water and sewerage infrastructure is financed by the city administration. Users pay in advance for vacuum trucks. In regard to piped sewerage, users pay for the connection to their residence (about US$150 on average), but do not pay any service fee. Collection of water fees is estimated at 60-80%. Expenses related to minor disruptions or maintenance are covered by AAWSA.