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Addis Ababa is already suffering from water scarcity, which is expected to become even more significant due to rapid urbanization, increased individual water demand as incomes rise, and the impacts of climate change. Production of 450,000 m3 /day is sourced from surface and groundwater, and it is estimated that about 36.5 percent of this water is lost due to leakage and other system inefficiencies. The per capita distribution is estimated to be around 40 liters/day, well below the city’s goal of 110 liters/day. AAWSA is currently supplying water to certain parts of the city on a rotating basis, with some areas receiving water only two days a week through distribution lines or water trucks. Unemployment and Social Vulnerability There are high levels of poverty, unemployment, and social vulnerability in Addis. It is estimated that 22% of the population is living below the poverty line and 29% of households in Addis report having an unemployed adult (higher than the national urban average of 15%). Moreover, current programs that provide support to poor and vulnerable households are not effectively targeted, have low coverage, are fragmented, and largely focus on categories of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and disabled (many of which are disabled due to occupational hazard). In addition to the daily stress that this presents for individuals, the cumulative impact among segments of society could reverse gains made on the inclusive growth agenda and result in social unres